Heat Dissipation & Thermal Management
Heat generated by electronic circuitry must be dissipated to
prevent immediate failure and improve long term reliability. Heat dissipation
is mostly achieve greater dissipation include heat sinks and fans for air cooling,
and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling. These techniques use
convection, and radiation of heat energy.
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Noise
Electronic noise is defined as unwanted disturbances superposed on
a useful signal that tend to obscure its information content. Noise is not the
same as signal distortion caused by a circuit. Noise is associated with all
electronic circuits. Noise may be electromagnetically or thermally generated,
which can be deceased by lowering the operating temperature of the circuit.
Other types of noise, such as shot noise cannot be removed as they are
due to limitations in physical properties.
Electronics Therory
Mathematical
methods are integral to the study of electronics. To become proficient in
electronics it is also to necessary to become proficient in the mathematics of
circuit analysis.
Circuit analysis
is the study of methods of solving generally linear systems for unknown
variables such as the voltage at the certain node or the current through a
certain branch of a network. A common analytical tool for this the SPICE
circuit simulator.
Also important to
electronics is the study and understanding of electromagnetic field theory.
Electronics Lab
Due to the
complex nature of electronics theory, laboratory experimentation is an
important part of the development of electronics devices. These experiments are
used to test or verify the engineer's design and detect errors. Historically,
electronics labs have consisted of electronics devices and equipment located in
a physical space, although in more recent years the trend has been towards
electronic lab simulation software, such as circuitLogix, Multi sim, and
PSpice.
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Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Today's electronics
engineers have the ability to design circuit using per-manufactured building
blocks such as power supplies, semiconductors (i.e semiconductor devices, such
as transistors), and integrated circuits. Electronic design automation software
programs include schematic capture programs include schematic capture programs
and printed circuit board design programs. Popular names in the EDA software
world are NI Multi-sim, Cadence (ORCAD), EAGLE PCB and Schematic, Mentor (PADS PCB and
LOGIC Schematic), Altium (Protel), LabCentre Electronics (Proteus), gEDA,
KICad, and many others.
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Construction Methods
Many different methods of
connecting components have been used over the years. For instance, early
electronics often used point to point wiring with components attached to wooden
bread board to construct circuits. Cordwood construction and wire warp were
other methods used. Most modern day electronics now use printed circuit boards
made of materials such as FR4, or the cheaper (and less hard-wearing) Synthetic
Resin Bonded Paper (SRBP, also known as paxoline/Paxolin (trade marks) and FR2)
– characterized by its brown colour. Health and environmental concerns
associated with electronics assembly have gained increased attention in recent
years, especially for products destined to the European Union, with its
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) and waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Directive (WEEE), which went into force in July 2006.
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